Photobiomodulation Research Database

How many studies support red light therapy and photobiomodulation?

Over 5,000 peer-reviewed studies have been published on photobiomodulation, including more than 700 randomised controlled trials. Research spans more than 50 years and covers conditions including pain, wound healing, skin rejuvenation, cognitive function, muscle recovery, hair growth, mood disorders and metabolic health.

Is red light therapy FDA approved?

Yes. Red light therapy devices have received FDA 510(k) clearance for specific applications including wound healing, pain relief and hair growth since the 1990s. This clearance means the devices have been reviewed and found safe and effective for their intended uses. The devices sold at LightTherapy.no are general wellness devices — always consult a healthcare professional for specific medical conditions.

What wavelengths are used in photobiomodulation research?

The majority of PBM research uses wavelengths in the red (620–680 nm) and near-infrared (810–1072 nm) range. Red wavelengths penetrate 8–10 mm and are most effective for skin conditions, surface wound healing and acne. Near-infrared penetrates deeper — up to 5 cm — reaching muscles, joints, tendons and even brain tissue. Many clinical devices and the panels sold here combine both ranges for broader therapeutic effect.

Does red light therapy work for pain relief?

Yes. Multiple meta-analyses confirm clinically meaningful reductions in pain. A 2015 analysis of 22 RCTs found significant reductions in knee osteoarthritis pain and stiffness. A 2009 systematic review confirmed efficacy for neck pain at 820–904 nm. Pain relief is one of the most robustly evidenced applications in the entire PBM literature.

Can red light therapy improve brain function and cognition?

Emerging clinical evidence says yes. A randomised double-blind trial using 1064 nm transcranial near-infrared light showed significant improvements in working memory, attention and processing speed in healthy adults. Research by Hamblin at Harvard has documented mechanisms by which PBM supports brain mitochondrial function and neuroprotection. Transcranial photobiomodulation is one of the fastest growing areas in neuroscience research.

Is photobiomodulation safe? Are there side effects?

PBM has an excellent safety record. Over 5,000 studies document its safety with extremely low incidence of adverse effects. It uses non-ionising radiation that does not damage DNA and carries no risk of skin cancer. Mild and temporary side effects reported in some studies include slight fatigue, mild headache on first use, or temporary skin redness. Pregnant women, people with active cancer, photosensitivity conditions, or those taking photosensitising medications should consult a doctor before use.

How long does it take to see results from red light therapy?

Many users report improved energy and relaxation within the first session. Reduced acute pain and better sleep typically appear within one to two weeks of regular use. Visible skin improvements generally require four to six weeks. Significant improvements in chronic conditions, collagen density and anti-ageing effects are typically seen after eight to twelve weeks of consistent use. Consistency matters more than session length.

What is the difference between red light therapy and infrared saunas?

Red light therapy uses specific wavelengths of visible red and near-infrared light (620–1072 nm) to stimulate cellular processes — particularly mitochondrial activity. Infrared saunas use far-infrared heat (above 3000 nm) to warm the body through thermal effects. The two work by entirely different mechanisms. PBM produces photochemical changes at the cellular level; infrared saunas work through heat. Both have documented health benefits but they are distinct therapies.